Carbureter.



W. W HAMEL. GARBUR'ETBR.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. '1, 1911.

Patented July 21, 191%.

' www@ W. W. HAMILL.

CARBURETER.

l APPLIUATION FILED SEPT. 7, 1911.

Patented July 21, 1914-.

a SHEETSHEET z.

WL'ZUESSQS;

W. W. HAMILL.

GARBURBTER.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 7, 1911.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WILLIAM WILSON HAMILL, OF GLASGOW, SCOTLAND.

cAnBUnE'rER.

inocuo/i.

Specification of Letters Patent.'

Patented fully Application filed September 7, 1911. Serial No. 648,190.

gines, various arrangements have been proposed for regulating the volumes of fuel and an' according to the demand of the engine but such arrangements have been gen-v erally operated by hand or by mechanical means actuated fromsome'suitable moving part of the engine :-nd...are not sufficiently sensitive. Irregularity in the fuel supply has also been found to take place due to variations in the velocity of the air in the vicinity of the fuel sprayer or jet orifice.

Under my invention I provides valve device for automatically controlling the proportion of fuel to air, this device being very sensitive in operation. It is acted upon by gravity and its movements are' automatically cifected and controlled by the volume of the charge passing to the engine, no spring-controlled valves or other mechanical arrangements being necessary. This valve device is so constructed that the velocity of the air in the vicinity of the sprayer or jet orifice is kept practically constant under all working conditions. The arrangement` is also such that all the air required for combustion and supplied to the mixing chamber must pass through the said chamber and be regulated by the device.

T he invention also comprises certain improwments in' the jet sprayer apparatus whereby the area of 'the annular orifice can be regulated with great exactitude, and in the means for regulating the supply of air to the carburetor, and also to improvements in the float valve mechanism the chamber of which is provided with means for filtering the hydrocarbon lbefore it passes to the sprayer.

In order that the invention may be clearly .and this sleeve 4 is made in two part,r

.ment traversing the slots in the cove understood I have hereunto ap'ienf" planatory drawings which show by illustrationV or example two modes structing the carbureter.

On the drawings Figure i is a section of one form of carburetor` a part side view and part section on 'i 2, 2, Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a vertical @slightly modified form of carbur 41 is a sectional elevation oi. Ahe apparatus for spraying the fuel.

Referring to Figs. l andn 2 of tha ings the carburetor comprises a caf having in the lower portion there of openings 3 for the of c into. A detachable yair inletI sleei c ted around the openings 3, being mount suitable annular recesses in the casi ed to be placed in the said rece be secured together by means ot' g and snugs or projections 7.

The sleev- 4. is made wit: opening 8 id a flange 9 by n a hot air supply pipe may be s to, and the arrangement is suf sleeve can be rotated'in a liori in order to bring the flange 9 i venient position for connection i, supply pipe.,l The bottom IU l hasj` a series of pairs of diamc posite screw holes Il any of i. is adapted to receive a. pair of whicli screws are each passed throng i: curved slot or opening in a cover or b se in such manner tha the cover or ba secured to the casing l by mean screws l2 and may, on the screws n ficiently loosened, be rotated in a he;V f? plane, the screws during this rotary base 13. The cover orbasc` 1? prei with a passageway 45 therein forthe at mission of' fuel to the sprayer.

Extending upward through the cover er base 13 and through the bottoni I() o' casing 1 is a suitable jet sprayer app 14, which apparatus7 as shown clearty Fig. 4, consists of a spray nozzle 5G, prefer ably of a tubular formation, and provi ed at its upper end, with a circumferential l upwardly projecting knife edge concer tric with and communicating at its interior withl the axial fluid passage 58 of the noaa-ale 56. Near the lower end of the nozzle 5G sage or passages 62, communicating with the axial passage 58 of the nozzle 56.l

A collar 63 which ts over a reduced or grooved part 64 on the lower end of the npzzle 56 is provided with a set screw 65 which 'latter secures the collar to the reduced orgrooved part 64 of the nozzle. Surmounting said knifefedge 57 is an adjustable head 66 provided with a corresponding annular 'but downwardly projecting knife edge 67, said knife edge being,` preferably, formed by makin f the underside of the head with an. annula cavity 68 against which the fluid is adapte/d to impinge before passing out between the knife edges, thereby'ahsorbing the momentum of the fluid. The afnresaid head 66 is carriedA at the end of a spindle 69 vpassedthrough the axial passagee'ti of the nozzle, said spindle being provided with one or more projections 70 adapted to fit said axial passa e and thereby maintain the upper knife edge 67 lconcentric with and in proper relation to the lower knife edge 57. The lower -end of the aforesaid spindle 69 is provided with a very ii e' screw thread of a similarly th in the axial passage of the nozzle and the lower end of said spindle 69 is also provided with a squared part 73 on which is fixed a micrometer wheel 74 by means of a correspond'nglyi shaped squared recess 7 9.

The end ofthe spindle 69 is provided with a screw thread 75 with which engages a nut 76, vthe said nutv holding the' micrometer wheel 74 engagement with the square part 73 of the spindle 69. The said micrometer wheel may beformed with a boss 78 adapted to lit in Ia recess in the extended lower extremity of the nozzle 56 so as to form a packing gland and thereby prevent leakage of any fluid which may have *worked /through between the threaded part 72 of the axial passage and the'screwed part 71 .of the spindle. rlhe micrometer wheel is suitably gradi'lated and its upper flange works over the collar 63 which is provided with a zero mark at Z. The zero mark can bc/set at different positions to compensate for wear or damage by slackening the screw and turning the collar 63 and thereafter again tightening' the screw. The micromctcr wheel` after adjustment, vmay be prevented from rotating by tightening vthe nut 76. By means of the Vmicrometer adjustment the arca of the circumferential orifice 15 of thc nozzle of the sprayer can lbe regulated with great exactitude.

lThe sprayer apparatus 14 is inserted from eaded part 72' the fuel sleeve.

@a License the underside of the cover or base 13 and is held in position by means of a spring arm 16 pivotally mounted on a set pin 17 and having a recess'at its outer end adapted to engage a second pin 18 and a second recess i 70Y `adapted to engage a shoulder on the sprayer apparatus and by simply depressing slightly the-outer end of the arm 16 and turning the same back on .its pivot pin 17 the sprayer is released and may drop, or be withdrawn, from the carbureter.

Mounted concentrically on the jet of the sprayer or its equivalent 14 is a sleeve or its equivalent 19 which may be termed the fuel sleeve and this sleeve or its equiva- 80 are, when the apparatus is out of operation g5 just below the jet orifice 15, and the arrangement. is such that when the fuel sleeve moves upward on the jet, while the/ device is in operation the rate of increase in width and, consequently, the area of the annular orifice cleared is proportional to the increased volume of air passed through the carbureter, as will be hereinafter clearly described.

Secured to the upper end of the fuel sleeve 19 by means of a transverse pin 21, or otherwise, is a hollow or tubular receptacle or piece 22 which may be termed'an air sleeve This air sleeve is so conn l structed at its lower end that a concentric .10o

air passageway 23 is formed between it and The lower end is also preferabdy of tubular formation and has internally a somewhat conical formation at its extremities and the lower extremity is made with one or more openings or gaps (not shown) for the admission of air to the passageway 23, when the air sleeve is in its lowermost, or normal, position Centrally and externally the air sleeve takes 110 the form of an inverted cone whose upper end 24 circumferentially closes an inlet to the mixing chamber 25 of the carbureter. The air sleeve is also in its upper portion provided with a series of openings 26 115 -in its circumference while above the series of openings it. forms ahollow stepped cylinder 27 which is adapted to work in a corresponding recessl in the casing 1 in such manner that an air space 28 is provided between 120 the stepped cylinder 27 and the recess so that when Ithe air sleeve moves upward during the operation of the carburetor an air cushion or dash pot is provided for the purpose of steadying the action of the 121 sleeves 19, 22, and for damping out the periodic vibrations due Ito engine and road shock and to the inertia dueto the weight of the sleeves.

On the upper end of the casing 1 is pro- 130 vided a throttle valve 29 of hollow cylindrical shape and fitted-in the casing 1 transversely thereof. The throttle valve 29 has suitable orifices or ports 30, 31, preferably lof rectangular shape which, when thelvalve isf'open, communicate with the mixing chamber in the interior of the casing 'in provided with a suitable wire gauze orl ot 1er air filter device-34* and with the us ial connection to engine cylinder. @By -m ans of this construction of throttle valve ight4 throttle. may be fobtain'ed'- providi a vacuum brake to engine, or a proporti nate o4 ening'of the-throttle throughoutitscomp ete range or, if desired, an air soave-nge and brake at full throttle, the air to scavenge port. being drawn through-the air filter 34 while the porter entice communicating withthe mixing chamber 25 is completely closed.

When the throttle valve is complete y closed the air' sleeve and fuel sleeve drop downward into the inoperative posit-ion thereby closing the airgpassage to mixing chamber and at the same4 time completely cutting of the supply of fuel. The throttle valve 29 is provided with a control lever 35 adapted to operate between suitable stop pinsor the like which, if' desired, may be adjustably'secm'ed in an annular dovetailed slot 3G and are fitted in connection with the lever to enable the movement of the valve to be regulated to any desired extent. A

suitable float valve device and chamber 37 communicating bymeans of a pipe 38 with `the fuel reservoir and by means of the passageway 45 with the sprayer 14 is also provided for regulating the level of the fuel supply to the sprayer, and fitted circumfercntially in the interior of this chamber 37 is a simple annular filtering device which is preferably in the form of a strip of wire gauze 39 or its equivalent which may be secured in place on a perforated ring 1.0, frame, or suchlike adapted to make a tight joint on its exterior edges so as to he readily removed ivithoutitools forclcaning purposes.l

The valve .spindle 41 of the float valve 42 is so arranged that its connection with the float 43 is capable of being accurately adjusted from time to time as may be required for the purpose of' compensatingr for vvcar on valve aml valve seat and further to adjust the level for. fuels of varying density.

The chamber 37 of' the is provideduu'ith a suitable cover it having suitable fastening means preferably in the form of springl clips` so arranged. that by a partial rote-.tien the omer. when required, can be readily removed or replaced.

vIn the carburetor of modified construction shown at Fig. il the arrangement is similar to that shown at Figs. 1 and 2 except that the sleeve 4 is dispensed with and float valve deviceA thel casing and air sleeve are of somewhat diflerent-construction. 1n this carbureter the, casing 46 ismade with an internal web or partition v47 having an opening through which air is admitted to the mixing chamber 25.; The f air sleeve 48 is secured to the fuel sleeve, as in the arrangement shown at Figs. land 2, by means of a pin 21, but the stepped cylinder is, in this case, dispensed with, the upper part of the sleeve 48 engaging the opening in the -'said web or partition 47 for'regulating the passage of air. Secured on the lower end of the sleeve 48 is a piston or head 49 adapted to work Within a cylindrical projection 50 suitably secured on the cover or base 13. A series of openings 51 are provided in the sleeve 48 just above the piston or head 49 vfor admitting air to the annular air passage '23, and commumcatmg with the space be- `tween the piston or head 49 and the cover or base 13is a small passageway (not shown) by means of which the admission of air to or the exhaust of air from the said space is permitted, the said space thus serving the s'ame purpose as the annular air space 28 .or dash pot device described with reference torFigs. 1 and 2. The lower part of the casing 46 is open, havingfour upright supporting stripsn or arms 54 outside of which a strip or sheet of Wire gauze 55 is providedl around the casing, atmospheric air ,passing through 'the Wire gauze to the interior of the casing. e l

Around the mixing chamber 25 there is provided a .jacket or annular chamber 52 having pipe connections 53 for either hotl water or exhaust gas acketing.

W'ith carbureters a-s constructed under this invention the relative admixture of hydrocarbon to air is maintained constant, from no load to full load volume irrespective of the rapidity of the change, the arrangement being such that should the volume increase or diminish in unit time the air velocity in proximity to the sprayer of the carbureter is still maintained at its normal value but the increased or diminished volume is automatically provided for by an increase or diminution' in the available air opening in the mixing chamber and coincidentally a corresponding increase or diminution in the jet orifice of the sprayer by the moveincnt of the fuel and air sleeves thereby regulating the quantity of hydrocarbon sprayed in accordance with the volume of air. As the e lux of hydrocarbon is directly influenced by the air velocity around the sprayer, and as already mentioned, is maintained constant thus obviating disturbances in the (low of hydrocarbon due to variability in air velocity in the vicinity of jet sprayer. As the increase or diminution in volume of air passing, the ellective arca `of the jet of the sprayer is correspondingly increased or diminished thereby maintaining the mixture homogeneous by preserving the ratio of hydrocarbonto air at all'times. Having now fully described. my invention what I claim and desire to secureI by Letters Patent is l. A carbureter having, in combination, a fuel spraying device, having an outer part with a. circular and tapered outlet and an inner part whichis adjustable, means for adjusting the inner part,'a sleeve concentric with the said device`for controlling the air supply, an inner. concentric sleeve slidably mounted on the said device for controlling the fuel supply and means whereby the inner sleeve is operated from the outer sleeve. 2. A carbureter having, in combination, a fuel spraying device, having an outer part and an inner part with circular head thereon which Ais adjustable, means for adjusting the inner part, a` sleeve concentric with the said device for controlling the air supply,

an inner concentric sleeve slidably mounted on the said device for controlling the fuel supply and means whereby the inner sleeve is operated from the outer slee-ve.

3. A carbureter having, in combination, a fuel sprayin device having an outer part with a circiilar knife edge outlet, and an inner pai-t with head having a ,depending knife edge thereon and which is adjustable, means for adjusting the inner part, a sleeve concentric with the said device fo-r control- .ling the air supply, an .inner concentric sleeve slida-bly mounted on the said device" for controlling the fuel supplyand means whereby the inner sleeve is operated fromy the outer sleeve.

4. A carbureter having, in combination, a

casing with a tapered opening therein, a

for adjusting the inner part, a sleeve con-' centric with the said device for controlling the air supply, 'an inner concentric sleeve A carburcter having, in combination, a

fuel sprayingldevice pushed into the carluufeter` means for removably holding 4the device in position in the carbureter -in such .manner that no tool is required to remove the same, a sleeve concentric with the said device for controlling the air supply, an inner concentric sleeve slidably mounted on the said device for controlling the fuel. supply aud means whereby the innersleeve is Aoperated from the outer sleeve.

6. A carbureter having, in`combination, .a fuel spraying device .pushed into Athe. carbureter, pivot-ed spring means for removably holding the device in position and pressing it tightly in place, a sleeve concentric with the said device for controlling the air supply, an inner concentric sleeve slidably mounted on the said device for controlling the fuel supply and meansv whereby the j inner sleeve is operated from the outer sleeve. p' i Y l 7. A carbureter having, in combination, a

fuel spraying device push jointed in the 'the fuel supply and means whereby the inner sleeve is operated from the outer sleeve.

8. A carbureter having, in combination, a fuel spraying device, having an outer casing with an upwardly projecting knife edge at the top thereof, a spindle passing `through said casing and having a head with a downwardly projecting knife edge thereon, the space between the knife edges formingan annular orifice, means for adjusting the upper knife edge with respect to'; "thef'lower knife'edge, a sleeve outside ofy and .concentric with the said device for vcontrolling 'the air supply, an inner concentric slee-ve slidably mounted on the said device for 'controlling the fuel supply and 'means whereby.` the inner sleeve is operated from the outer sleeve.

9. A carbureter having, in combination,

l an outer casing having a tapered' opening in the base thereof, a passage in the easing leading from the fuel supply vto said tapered opening, a fuel spraying device having an axial fluid passage and an annular' orifice and the exterior thereof partly cylindrical and partly conical, the conicall part engaging with the tapered ope-ning in the outer casing, a channel extending around the conical part `of the fuel spraying device and registering with the aforesaid passage in the outer casing, a passage extending from vsaid channel to the vaxial fluid passage, a sleeve outside of and concentric with the said dei vice for controlling the air supply, an inner concentric sleeve slidably mounted on the saidl device for controlling` the fuel supply and means whereby the inner sleeve is operated from. the outer sleeve.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses. f

j VILLIAM VILSO'N HAMTLL.

Witnesses s WILLIAM FLeMiNG, VILLIAM CARRUTHERS.

'eplee of this-patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents.

` Washington, I). C. 

